Professor Emanuele Citera Coedited a New Book on European Banking
Assistant Professor of Economics Emanuele Citera coedited Central Banking, Monetary Policy, and the European Central Bank: Coping with the Challenges, which was also was also featured on Faculti, a research and technology platform focused on academic literature. It features essays by over a dozen authors on issues including inflation, climate change, and future financial crises.
Professor Emanuele Citera Coedited a New Book on European Banking
Assistant Professor of Economics Emanuele Citera coedited a book on central banking and crisis management. Central Banking, Monetary Policy, and the European Central Bank: Coping with the Challenges features essays by over a dozen authors on theoretical and practical issues including inflation, climate change, and future financial crises. Citera was also featured on Faculti, a research and technology platform focused on academic literature. He says the book was originally inspired by the internal and external crises experienced by the European banking system, including the pandemic and the 2012 Euro crisis. “We’ve seen different types of shocks [that] the European central bank has been dealing with pretty well,” he said, “[and] we’re more concerned about the legal institutional structure. Would it be possible for the Central Bank to [act] promptly and effectively?”
The Economics Program trains students to think critically about the economy and its social, political, and historical context. Small classes, encouragement of student research, and close interaction with the Levy Economics Institute are distinctive features of the experience.
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College has drafted an open letter to the government of India and gathered signatures in defense of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the largest rights-based public employment program in the world. Spearheaded by Levy Institute President Pavlina R. Tcherneva, leading international experts have added their names to the open letter in support of the program, which is facing imminent repeal by the Indian government.
The Levy Economics Institute Drafts Open Letter to Indian Government
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College has drafted an open letter to the government of India and gathered signatures in defense of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the largest rights-based public employment program in the world. Spearheaded by Levy Institute President Pavlina R. Tcherneva, leading international experts have added their names to the open letter in support of the program, which is facing imminent repeal by the Indian government.
MGNREGA, signed into law in 2005, is set to be replaced by the Viksit Bharat G RAM G Bill (2025), which would consolidate authority over the program in the central government while transferring greater and likely unsustainable obligations for administration and payment to the states. MGNREGA aims to guarantee the right to work, and generates over 2 billion person-days of work annually for approximately 50 million households in India. More than half of all workers in the program are women, and about 40 percent are from Scheduled Castes or Tribes. The early years of MGNREGA coincided with unprecedented rural wage growth, and studies confirmed the program’s positive effects on economic output and efficiency.
“Originally passed with unanimous parliamentary support, MGNREGA transcends political lines. Its foundational principle—that the national government must guarantee an employment safety net—affirms economic dignity as a fundamental right,” the letter states. Dismantling the program, the letter concludes, would be a “historic error.”
Pavlina Tcherneva, president of the Levy Economics Institute at Bard College, spoke with Marketplace about the current state of the US labor market. “Now the slowdown in hiring is turning into more layoffs,” Tcherneva said. “So, I think basically, we are slowly moving towards a vicious cycle in the labor market that is likely to get worse.”
Economist Pavlina Tcherneva Speaks with Marketplace About Labor Market
Pavlina Tcherneva, president of the Levy Economics Institute at Bard College, spoke with Marketplace about the current state of the US labor market. Without jobs data from the federal government, it is difficult for economists to predict the course the national market is taking, but according to one source, US companies announced more layoffs in October 2025 than in any October since 2003. Tcherneva told Marketplace that the macroeconomic picture of the labor market is worsening. “Now the slowdown in hiring is turning into more layoffs,” Tcherneva said. “So, I think basically, we are slowly moving towards a vicious cycle in the labor market that is likely to get worse.”
The Levy Economics Institute Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy were created to offer students an alternative to mainstream programs in economics and finance. These programs combine a rigorous course of study with the exceptional opportunity to participate in advanced economics research alongside Institute scholars. The Levy Institute’s programs also give Bard College undergraduates the opportunity to meet prominent figures who give seminars, attend conferences, and serve on the research staff.
Bard College’s Levy Economics Institute Launches New Capitol Hill Series in D.C. on November 19
On November 19, the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College is launching its Capitol Hill Series, which will bring together financial experts, academics, and policymakers in Washington, D.C., to discuss the most pressing issues facing the economy. The inaugural session, “Rethinking the Federal Reserve’s Policy Framework and Independence,” aims to foster dialogue on critical economic issues among policymakers, congressional staffers, experts, and the public, featuring panels on whether the Fed’s current policy is framework sufficient for the challenges of today, whether it risks becoming impervious to necessary political oversight, and what form oversight should take to ensure both effective governance and democratic accountability.
Speakers include Pavlina R. Tcherneva, president of the Levy Economics Institute; Claudia Sahm, chief economist at New Century Advisors; James K. Galbraith, professor at the University of Texas at Austin; L. Randall Wray, professor at the Levy Economics Institute; and William Bergman, former economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. A Q&A period will follow, moderated by Claire Jones, US economics editor at the Financial Times.
The event will take place on Wednesday, November 19 from 1:30 – 3:30 pm at the Rayburn House Office Building (Room 2045) in Washington, D.C., followed by refreshments and appetizers. The event is free and open to the public. Registration is required and space is limited. Learn more about the event and registration here.
SPEAKER SCHEDULE
Introduction | Pavlina R. Tcherneva, Levy Economics Institute “Why Fed Independence Matters” | Claudia Sahm, New Century Advisors “Congress and the Federal Reserve” | James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin “The Fed Is Still Flying Blind” | L. Randall Wray, Levy Economics Institute “When Does ‘Independence’ Become Tyranny?” | William Bergman, Former Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
William Bergman is a semi-retired independent scholar with four decades of financial market and related educational experience, in private and public sector roles. From 1990 to 2004, he served as an economist and financial markets policy analyst at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. He earned an MBA (Finance) and an MA (Public Policy) from the University of Chicago in 1990.
James K. Galbraith holds the Lloyd M. Bentsen Jr. Chair in Government/Business at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin. He chairs the board of Economists for Peace and Security and directs the University of Texas Inequality Project. He was executive director of the Joint Economic Committee in the early 1980s. From 1993 to 1997, he served as chief technical adviser to China’s State Planning Commission for macroeconomic reform, and in the first half of 2015 as an informal counselor to the Greek minister of finance.
Claudia Sahm is the chief economist at New Century Advisors. She is a highly regarded expert on monetary and fiscal policy with many years of experience advising key decision-makers at the Federal Reserve, White House, and Congress. She developed the Sahm rule, a closely followed indicator of recessions. Sahm holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Michigan (2007), and a bachelor’s degree in economics, political science, and German from Denison University (1998).
Pavlina R. Tcherneva is president of the Levy Economics Institute, a professor of economics at Bard College, and founding director of the Bard Economic Democracy Initiative. She specializes in modern money and public policy. Tcherneva’s book The Case for a Job Guarantee (Polity 2020) is a timely guide to the benefits of one of the most transformative public policies being discussed today, recognized by the Financial Times in 2020 and published in nine languages. Tcherneva has collaborated with experts from the United Nations Human Rights Council, the International Labor Organization, members of the European Parliament, as well as policy makers from the United States and abroad on designing and evaluating employment programs. She also worked with the Sanders 2016 Presidential campaign, and in 2020 she was invited to serve on the Biden-Harris economic policy volunteer committee, during their Presidential run.
L. Randall Wray is a professor of economics at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College and Emeritus Professor at University of Missouri-Kansas City. He is one of the developers of Modern Money Theory and his newest book on the topic is Understanding Modern Money Theory: Money and Credit in Capitalist Economies (Elgar). He is the 2022 Veblen-Commons Award winner for lifetime contributions to Institutionalist Thought. He has been a Fulbright Scholar to Italy (twice) and to Estonia, and a visiting professor at the Universities of Paris, Bologna, Bergamo, Rome, UNAM in Mexico City, UNICAMP in Brazil, Tallinn University in Estonia, Nankai University, China, and a visiting professor on a continuing basis at Masaryk University, Czech Republic. He was the Distinguished Visiting Professor at Willamette University, Oregon, in 2022-23.
Economist Pavlina Tcherneva Speaks About Labor Market for Marketplace
Pavlina Tcherneva, president of the Levy Economics Institute at Bard College, spoke with Marketplace about the state of the national employment market. As the government shutdown has halted all nonessential operations, including the jobs report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, economists turn to other available sources to gather data on the current labor market. Tcherneva says that although large firms, with 500 or more employees, added jobs last month, “this is such a small proportion of total employment, it makes no difference to the overall trends,” adding that 90% of employers have fewer than 100 workers. “It’s another look at the weakening labor market.”
Former Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Erika McEntarfer ’95 Spoke at Bard College in First Public Remarks Since Dismissal
Hosted by the Levy Economics Institute, Bard alumna Erika McEntarfer ’95, former commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), spoke to an audience of Bard students, faculty, staff, and community members in Olin Hall on September 16. She recounted the day of her abrupt dismissal following the release of the July jobs report and discussed the ways that nonpartisan statisticians affect our everyday lives as Americans. McEntarfer compared the efforts of the BLS to the work of city planners involved in transportation infrastructure. “Real-time economic data is like live traffic updates—helpful for making quick decisions—like adjusting interest rates quickly to avoid an economic downturn,” she said. The data produced by BLS is used widely, from top officials in the federal government to traders on Wall Street, whose decisions have real consequences for Americans. “The decisions they make—to adjust interest rates to avoid a recession, to build a new plant in your city, to sell stocks or bonds—impact how easy it will be for you to find a good job, how affordable it will be for you to buy a house and raise a family, and how comfortable your retirement will be.”
Introducing McEntarfer, Pavlina Tcherneva, president of the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, noted that this event was more than just an academic talk. “This is our community gathering to champion a vital idea: that truth and rigorous analysis matter,” Tcherneva said. “That our ability to solve problems and find common ground depends on a shared commitment to facts and honest inquiry.” She emphasized that the work done at the Levy Institute relies on “reliable, trustworthy data,” and that without that, “We would lose our capacity to truly understand the economic forces shaping our communities and our country.”
McEntarfer warned of the potential costs of politicization of economic data. “Economic data must be free from partisan influence. That is essential to the mission of the agency. Markets have to trust that the data are not manipulated,” she said. “Firing your chief statisticians for releasing data you do not like will have serious economic consequences.” After the talk concluded, she took the time to answer questions from the audience, including from current students on topics ranging from data science, job prospects, and their Senior Projects. The talk was widely covered across all major news outlets, from the New York Times to the Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg to CNN.
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization that encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate. The Levy Institute is home to two Master's degree programs—a one-year MA and two-year MS—in Economic Theory and Policy. Watch Now
Pavlina Tcherneva Participates in Press Briefing on Federal Reserve Policy on C-SPAN
Pavlina Tcherneva, president of the Levy Economics Institute at Bard College, contributed to a press briefing aired on C-SPAN ahead of the upcoming 2025 Federal Reserve Annual Jackson Hole Economic Symposium, one of the longest-standing central banking conferences in the world. As the Federal Reserve prepares to convene for the annual Wyoming conference on August 21–23 to discuss the future of monetary policy, Tcherneva examines the need to rethink the policy framework of the Federal Reserve and the necessity of incorporating climate risks to labor markets into their macro modeling. Climate risks are now a “structural force that will impact labor markets,” Tcherneva says. “This is not a one-off event, this is going to be a perennial risk for labor markets, for firms, for business conditions, and the way the macroeconomy functions.” The briefing was organized by Public Citizen, a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization, with the participation of former Federal Reserve governor Sarah Bloom Raskin and US Congressman Sean Casten, Democrat of Illinois.
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization that encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate.
Levy Economics Institute Hosted 32nd Annual Conference and Summer Seminar
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College convened its 32nd annual conference, “Money, Finance, and Economic Strategies in Fractured Times” on June 16, followed by the week-long Levy Institute Summer Seminar. The Institute’s flagship conference brought together leading scholars and policymakers to examine contemporary developments in finance, persistent economic fissures shaping the US political landscape, and broader questions impacting the global economy, including China’s trajectory and alternative development approaches for the Global South. The keynote address was delivered by US Representative Ro Khanna, who shed light on the issue of economic insecurity and the policy interventions needed to address it, reinforcing the conference’s emphasis on exploring solutions to systemic challenges.
For the Institute’s Summer Seminar, emerging scholars from 22 different countries were invited to engage with the Institute’s foundational work on Minskyan financial dynamics, stock-flow consistent (SFC) modeling, and monetary sovereignty, and to explore how these frameworks can inform their own research questions, with participants given a platform to present their work. Co-sponsored by the OSUN Economic Democracy Initiative, the workshop underscores a commitment to fostering the next generation of heterodox economists and policymakers equipped to tackle pressing economic issues.
Leading Economists and Policymakers to Discuss Money, Finance, and Economic Strategies in Fractured Times at the Levy Economics Institute’s 32nd Annual Conference, June 16
Keynote Speaker Is US House Representative Ro Khanna (CA-17)
On Monday, June 16, the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College will host “Money, Finance, and Economic Strategies in Fractured Times,” its 32nd annual conference as an in-person event on the Bard College campus in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The 32nd Annual Levy Economics Institute Conference gathers top policymakers, economists, and analysts to discuss the most pressing issues of today’s economic landscape. The conference’s keynote speaker is US House Representative Ro Khanna, who represents California’s 17th Congressional District, located in the heart of Silicon Valley, and is serving his fifth term. Participants in the conference will engage in panels on Minskyan analyses of current sources of financial fragility; new directions in public finance; visions for the next progressive policy agenda; climate finance, balance-of-payments constraints, and the global economy; and more. Learn more about the conference and registration here.
Prior to serving in Congress, keynote speaker US House Representative Ro Khanna taught economics at Stanford University and served as deputy assistant secretary of commerce in the Obama administration. Khanna graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. in Economics from the University of Chicago and received a law degree from Yale University. Other featured speakers include Daniel Alpert, Westwood Capital; Leila Davis, University of Massachusetts Boston; Rogerio Studart, Brazilian Center for International Relations; Talmon Joseph Smith, New York Times; Pavlina R. Tcherneva, Levy Institute; James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin; L. Randall Wray, Levy Institute; Ryan Cooper, The American Prospect; Alan Minsky, Progressive Democrats of America; Gennaro Zezza, Levy Institute; Yan Liang, Willamette University; Ndongo Samba Sylla, International Development Economics Associates (IDEAs-Africa); Fadhel Kaboub, Denison University.
The 32nd Annual Levy Economics Institute Conference will take place on June 16, 2025. The program is scheduled to run from 8:45 am to 5:30 pm, with a dinner to follow. Registration for the full conference is $50 for students and $150 for professionals/non-students, and includes lunch and dinner. Register and get more information here. If you wish to attend only the keynote address to be delivered by US Rep. Ro Khanna (CA-17) at 2:00pm in Bard College’s Olin Hall, you may register free of charge here—the keynote is free and open to the public, but registration is required for entry.
Wednesday, February 25, 2026 Francesco Ruggeri, Giuliano Toshiro Yajima, and Francesco Zezza Blithewood1:00 pm – 2:00 pm EST/GMT-5 This talk will discuss the dynamic interaction between private-sector financial balances, financial conditions, and the business cycle in the United States, with a focus on the distinct roles played by households and non-financial corporations. Motivated by balance-sheet and Minskyan perspectives on macro-financial instability, we analyze how demand and financial shocks propagate through the economy and how their effects depend on cyclical conditions, financial stress, and balance-sheet positions. The presenters' research shows that private-sector financial balances respond strongly to financial shocks, but in systematically different ways across sectors and states of the economy. Their findings highlight the central role of private-sector balance sheets in shaping macro-financial dynamics and underscore the importance of distinguishing between household and corporate balances when assessing cyclical risks and financial vulnerability. Register in Advance
If you have any questions you can contact Laura Zutel Agnoletti at [email protected].
Data Analytics Workshop with Till Porrmann RKC 1115:00 pm EST/GMT-5 How do you turn a vague idea into a solid plan - and how can a computer help refine it?
In this interactive workshop, you will explore the world of computer-based planning. Without any programming or math, we'll build a simple model for organizing a music festival on campus. Compete in a custom-made card game to see who comes up with the best Bard Festival and collects the most Party Points. No prior knowledge required. Join for an entertaining hour while learning about trade-offs, strategic planning, and modeling.